Where the water shows up
Where you see the water is the best clue to where it comes from. Look for these:
A wet line where the wall meets the floor
This is the most common spot. Water in the soil is pushed in under the wall, at the joint between wall and floor.
Water through a crack
A crack in a poured wall, or a sideways crack in a block wall, drips or seeps after rain.
Damp spots low on block walls
Block walls are hollow. Water can fill the cores and seep out through the face.
White, chalky crust
Water passes through the wall, dries, and leaves minerals behind.
Water up through the floor
Cracks in the basement floor wet up from below when the water table is high.
Water up through the floor drain
This one is different. It usually means the sewer, not the walls.
A musty smell or peeling paint
Moisture is getting in even if you never see a puddle.